The role of oceanographic conditions and colony size in shaping the spatial structure of Pyrosoma atlanticum in the NW Mediterranean Sea.

This study investigates the role of winter oceanographic conditions on the horizontal and vertical spatial structure of Pyrosoma atlanticum at different ontogenetic stages. Data were obtained on two oceanographic cruises (February 2017 and 2018) in the NW Mediterranean. Small colonies were exceptionally abundant in 2017, linked to an earlier development of spring conditions and the subsequent seasonal phytoplankton bloom. The mesoscale distribution of P. atlanticum differed depending on the colony size. Large colonies (≥7 mm) were found on the slope all along the density front, whereas small (<4 mm) and medium colonies (4-6.9 mm) extended their distribution over the shelf because of instabilities of the front, and were mostly absent in the cold, low-salinity coastal waters. The analysis of their vertical distribution showed that at night colonies of all sizes remained close to the surface, where chlorophyll-a levels were high, whereas during the day they migrated to deeper layers, reaching greater depths as the colony size increased. The migratory behaviour started when colonies were 4-6.9 mm long. The relative importance of the species in the downward carbon transport is discussed. Our results highlight the need to further study the ecology of this efficient filter feeder in the Mediterranean.

Unravelling the ecological impacts of large-scale offshore wind farms in the Mediterranean Sea.

The need for alternative energy systems like offshore wind power to move towards the Green Deal objectives is undeniable. However, it is also increasingly clear that biodiversity loss and climate change are interconnected issues that must be tackled in unison. In this paper we highlight that offshore wind farms (OWF) in the Mediterranean Sea (MS) pose serious environmental risks to the seabed and the biodiversity of many areas due to the particular ecological and socioeconomic characteristics and vulnerability of this semi-enclosed sea. The MS hosts a high diversity of species and habitats, many of which are threatened. Furthermore, valuable species, habitats, and seascapes for citizens' health and well-being coexist with compounding effects of other economic activities (cruises, maritime transport, tourism activities, fisheries and aquaculture) in a busy space on a narrower continental shelf than in other European seas. We argue that simply importing the OWF models from the northern European seas, which are mostly based on large scale projects, to other seas like the Mediterranean is not straightforward. The risks of implementing these wind farms in the MS have not yet been well evaluated and, considering the Precautionary Principle incorporated into the Marine Strategy Framework Directive and the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive, they should not be ignored. We propose that OWF development in the MS should be excluded from high biodiversity areas containing sensitive and threatened species and habitats, particularly those situated inside or in the vicinity of Marine Protected Areas or areas with valuable seascapes. In the absence of a clearer and comprehensive EU planning of wind farms in the MS, the trade-off between the benefits (climate goals) and risks (environmental and socioeconomic impacts) of OWF could be unbalanced in favor of the risks.

Spatial heterogeneity of Pelagia noctiluca ephyrae linked to water masses in the Western Mediterranean.

Pelagia noctiluca is the most common jellyfish in the Western Mediterranean Sea, living in oceanic waters with a holoplanktonic lifecycle. Frequent outbreaks have been well documented in coastal areas, yet little is known about their offshore distribution. In this study we address the relationship between oceanographic structures and the distribution of P. noctiluca ephyrae along the central continental slope of the Western Mediterranean, covering a wide latitudinal gradient, during July-August 2016. The region is characterized by a rich and complex mesoscale surface circulation driven by the inflow of Atlantic Water into the Western Mediterranean through the Strait of Gibraltar. The results revealed a high variability in the ephyrae spatial paterns related with different water masses and the resulting mesoscale hydrographic features. Their horizontal distribution showed a clear latitudinal gradient with high abundances in the south, associated with recent Atlantic Water, and low abundances or absence in the north, in coincidence with the old Atlantic Water transported by the Northern Current. Ephyrae showed diel vertical migrations of short-extent in the first 50 m, with a wide distribution above the thermocline and the Deep Chlorophyll Maximum during daytime, being more concentrated towards the surface at night. The results suggest the population connectivity of P. noctiluca between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. In that case, the abundance variability of the species in the Mediterranean could be modulated by its entrance associated with the inflow of Atlantic Water through the Strait of Gibraltar.

The Roses Ocean and Human Health Chair: A New Way to Engage the Public in Oceans and Human Health Challenges.

Involving and engaging stakeholders is crucial for studying and managing the complex interactions between marine ecosystems and human health and wellbeing. The Oceans and Human Health Chair was founded in the town of Roses (Catalonia, Spain, NW Mediterranean) in 2018, the fruit of a regional partnership between various stakeholders, and for the purpose of leading the way to better health and wellbeing through ocean research and conservation. The Chair is located in an area of the Mediterranean with a notable fishing, tourist, and seafaring tradition and is close to a marine reserve, providing the opportunity to observe diverse environmental conditions and coastal and maritime activities. The Chair is a case study demonstrating that local, collaborative, transdisciplinary, trans-sector, and bottom-up approaches offer tremendous opportunities for engaging coastal communities to help support long-lasting solutions that benefit everyone, and especially those living by the sea or making their living from the goods and services provided by the sea. Furthermore, the Chair has successfully integrated most of its experts in oceans and human health from the most prestigious institutions in Catalonia. The Chair focuses on three main topics identified by local stakeholders: Fish and Health; Leisure, Health, and Wellbeing; and Medicines from the Sea. Led by stakeholder engagement, the Chair can serve as a novel approach within the oceans and human health field of study to tackle a variety of environmental and public health challenges related to both communicable and non-communicable diseases, within the context of sociocultural issues. Drawing on the example provided by the Chair, four principles are established to encourage improved participatory processes in the oceans and human health field: bottom-up, "think local", transdisciplinary and trans-sectorial, and "balance the many voices".

Initial psychometric properties of the Denver II in a sample from Northeast Brazil.

This paper assesses the initial psychometric properties of the Denver Developmental Screening Test (Denver II), a widely used child development measure in its first population-level administration in Brazil. The Portuguese version was administered to 2755 children under three years of age who were eligible for a home visiting program in Fortaleza, Northeast Brazil. We examine the measure's internal consistency and verify construct validity by testing the dimensionality through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and estimating associations with household socioeconomic variables (e.g., poverty, maternal education, stunting, and parenting practices). The test was found to be psychometrically robust and culturally relevant. Although we found a good fit with the structure proposed by the instrument's author, a structure of two latent variables (motor and cognitive) provided a better fit. This validity exercise provides useful information for policymakers and researchers interested in using this instrument in the Brazilian context or a similar one in the region.

Long-term changes in the planktonic cnidarian community in a mesoscale area of the NW Mediterranean.

In the present work, possible long-term changes in the planktonic cnidarian community were investigated by analyzing (1) species and community spatial distribution patterns, (2) variations in abundance and (3) changes in species richness during three mesoscale surveys representative of the climatic and anthropogenic changes that have occurred during the last three decades (years: 1983, 2004 and 2011) in the NW Mediterranean. These surveys were conducted during the summer (June) along the Catalan coast. All surveys covered the same area, used the same sampling methodology, and taxonomic identification was conducted by the same team of experts. An increase in the abundance of total cnidaria was found from 1983 to 2011. The siphonophore Muggiaea atlantica and the hydromedusa Aglaura hemistoma were the most abundant species, while Muggiaea kochii presented the largest abundance increment over time. Temperature was the main environmental parameter driving significant differences in the cnidarian community composition, abundance and spatial distribution patterns among the surveys. Our results suggest that in the current climate change scenario, warm-water species abundances will be positively favored, and the community will suffer changes in their latitudinal distribution patterns. We consider it extremely important to study and monitor gelatinous zooplankton in mesoscale spatial areas to understand not only long-term changes in abundances but also changes in their spatial distributions since spatial changes are sensitive indicators of climate change.

Effect of interaction with clowns on vital signs and non-verbal communication of hospitalized children / Efeito da interação com palhaços nos sinais vitais e na comunicação não verbal de crianças hospitalizadas

Abstract Objective: Compare the non-verbal communication of children before and during interaction with clowns and compare their vital signs before and after this interaction. Methods: Uncontrolled, intervention, cross-sectional, quantitative study with children admitted to a public university hospital. The intervention was performed by medical students dressed as clowns and included magic tricks, juggling, singing with the children, making soap bubbles and comedic performances. The intervention time was 20min. Vital signs were assessed in two measurements with an interval of 1min immediately before and after the interaction. Non-verbal communication was observed before and during the interaction using the Non-Verbal Communication Template Chart, a tool in which non-verbal behaviors are assessed as effective or ineffective in the interactions. Results: The sample consisted of 41 children with a mean age of 7.6±2.7 years; most were aged 7-11 years (n=23; 56%) and were males (n=26; 63.4%). There was a statistically significant difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pain and non-verbal behavior of children with the intervention. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased and pain scales showed decreased scores. Conclusions: The playful interaction with clowns can be a therapeutic resource to minimize the effects of the stressing environment during the intervention, improve the children's emotional state and reduce the perception of pain.

Resumo Objetivo: Comparar a comunicação não verbal das crianças antes e durante a interação com palhaços e comparar os sinais vitais antes e após essa interação. Métodos: Estudo intervenção não controlado, transversal, quantitativo, com crianças internadas em um hospital público universitário. A intervenção foi feita por alunos de medicina vestidos como palhaços e incluiu truques de mágica, malabarismo, canto com as crianças, bolhas de sabão e encenações cômicas. O tempo de intervenção foi de 20 minutos. Os sinais vitais foram avaliados em duas mensurações com um intervalo de um minuto imediatamente antes e após a interação. A comunicação não verbal foi observada antes e durante a interação por meio do Quadro de Modelos Não Verbais de Comunicação, instrumento em que os comportamentos não verbais são avaliados em efetivos ou ineficazes nas interações. Resultados: A amostra foi de 41 crianças com média de 7,6±2,7 anos, a maioria tinha entre 7-11 anos (n=23; 56%) e era do sexo masculino (n=26; 63,4%). Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, na dor e nos comportamentos não verbais das crianças com a intervenção. As pressões arteriais sistólicas e diastólicas aumentaram e as escalas de dor mostraram diminuição na sua pontuação. Conclusões: A interação lúdica com palhaços pode ser um recurso terapêutico para minimizar os efeitos do ambiente estressor durante a intervenção, melhorar o estado emocional das crianças e diminuir a percepção de dor.

Effect of interaction with clowns on vital signs and non-verbal communication of hospitalized children. / Efeito da interação com palhaços nos sinais vitais e na comunicação não verbal de crianças hospitalizadas.

OBJECTIVE: Compare the non-verbal communication of children before and during interaction with clowns and compare their vital signs before and after this interaction. METHODS: Uncontrolled, intervention, cross-sectional, quantitative study with children admitted to a public university hospital. The intervention was performed by medical students dressed as clowns and included magic tricks, juggling, singing with the children, making soap bubbles and comedic performances. The intervention time was 20minutes. Vital signs were assessed in two measurements with an interval of one minute immediately before and after the interaction. Non-verbal communication was observed before and during the interaction using the Non-Verbal Communication Template Chart, a tool in which nonverbal behaviors are assessed as effective or ineffective in the interactions. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 41 children with a mean age of 7.6±2.7 years; most were aged 7 to 11 years (n=23; 56%) and were males (n=26; 63.4%). There was a statistically significant difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pain and non-verbal behavior of children with the intervention. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased and pain scales showed decreased scores. CONCLUSIONS: The playful interaction with clowns can be a therapeutic resource to minimize the effects of the stressing environment during the intervention, improve the children's emotional state and reduce the perception of pain.

Denver II: comportamentos propostos comparados aos de crianças paulistanas / Denver II: proposed behaviors compared to those of children from São Paulo

Resumo:OBJETIVO:verificar a proporção de ocorrência de comportamentos nas áreas ("Motor Grosso", "Motor Fino-Adaptativo", "Pessoal Social" e "Linguagem") padronizados pelo Denver II, em crianças paulistanas e associar esta proporção com as variáveis sociodemográficas: idade e sexo da criança, idade gestacional, idade e escolaridade dos pais.MÉTODOS:utilizou-se 150 prontuários de crianças típicas avaliadas pelo teste, sendo selecionados três comportamentos por área, entre 24 e 60 meses, com ocorrência prevista entre 50% e 90%.RESULTADO:a maioria dos comportamentos coincidiu com as idades propostas e aos dois anos todos foram observados na proporção prevista. Nas demais idades houve maior adequação da área "Motor Grosso", seguida por "Motor Fino-Adaptativo", "Linguagem" e "Pessoal Social". Conforme o aumento da idade houve menor coincidência de comportamentos na "Linguagem" e "Motor Fino-Adaptativo".CONCLUSÃO:os comportamentos descritos no Denver II foram observados em proporção semelhante neste estudo, especialmente na área motora e aos dois anos, seguindo sucessivamente dos três aos cinco anos.

Resumo:OBJETIVO:verificar a proporção de ocorrência de comportamentos nas áreas ("Motor Grosso", "Motor Fino-Adaptativo", "Pessoal Social" e "Linguagem") padronizados pelo Denver II, em crianças paulistanas e associar esta proporção com as variáveis sociodemográficas: idade e sexo da criança, idade gestacional, idade e escolaridade dos pais.MÉTODOS:utilizou-se 150 prontuários de crianças típicas avaliadas pelo teste, sendo selecionados três comportamentos por área, entre 24 e 60 meses, com ocorrência prevista entre 50% e 90%.RESULTADO:a maioria dos comportamentos coincidiu com as idades propostas e aos dois anos todos foram observados na proporção prevista. Nas demais idades houve maior adequação da área "Motor Grosso", seguida por "Motor Fino-Adaptativo", "Linguagem" e "Pessoal Social". Conforme o aumento da idade houve menor coincidência de comportamentos na "Linguagem" e "Motor Fino-Adaptativo".CONCLUSÃO:os comportamentos descritos no Denver II foram observados em proporção semelhante neste estudo, especialmente na área motora e aos dois anos, seguindo sucessivamente dos três aos cinco anos.

Functional independence in teenage patients with burns.

The purpose of this study was to assess the functional independence of teenagers undergoing a process of rehabilitation. A cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 63 teenagers, aged 12 to 20, who had suffered burns and were going through a process of rehabilitation, with the application of the Functional Independence Measurement (FIM). The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and also a test for comparison of means (Student's t-test), as well as Cronbach's reliability test. There was proof of a high degree of independence in FIM. Analysis of the location of the burn and also the performance of work and/or study activities showed these not to interfere with functional independence. The results indicate the reliability of the instruments applied, making it possible to conduct an assessment of the functional independence of the teenagers during the rehabilitation process.

Assessment of health status of adolescent burn victims undergoing rehabilitation: a cross-sectional field study.

Teenagers may experience physiological and psychological changes when they suffer from a severe burn. The aim of this study was to assess the state of health of teenagers who were undergoing a rehabilitation process following a severe burn. A cross-sectional field study was carried out with 63 teenagers and young adults who had suffered burns. The tests applied were social, demographic, and clinical instruments. The specific tests included the Burn Specific Health Scale-Revised, Beck Depression Inventory, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, and Functional Independence Measurement. The results were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis of variance, variance analysis, and Cronbach's reliability analysis. The social and demographic analysis of the population has shown a prevalence of female (60.3%), single subjects (93.7%), and ages between 12 and 20 years (mean age of 15.95 years). The mean total body surface area burn was 23.84%, with accidents as the main causative factor (92.10%). More than half (52.4%) reported functional and aesthetic effects after the burn, with 81% concerned about the visible scar. Cronbach's reliability analysis has shown statistically confident results for all the instruments as applied. The multivariate analysis showed a correlation between the work domain and marital status, whereas there was no evidence to show a correlation between sex, age, physical or aesthetic sequelae or visibility of burns, and depression, self-esteem, functional independence, or current state of health. The results obtained prove the reliability of the instruments applied, making it possible to assess the state of teenagers and young adults health during the rehabilitation process.

A quantitative, cross-sectional study of depression and self-esteem in teenage and young adult burn victims in rehabilitation.

Burns can have a negative physiological and emotional impact, particularly among teenage victims. To assess the presence of depression and level of self-esteem, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 63 teenage and young adult burn victims ages 12 to 20 years undergoing physical and psychological rehabilitation at the Outpatient Unit for Plastic Surgery and Burns at the Central Institute of the Clínicas Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Assessment instruments included Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE). Internal consistency within and between the two scales was established via Cronbach's-α coefficient. All variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the statistical difference between means was compared using Student's t-test. The majority of participants were female (38, 60.3%) and unmarried (59, 93.7%) with a mean total body surface area (TBSA) burn of 23.84%. Most burns (58, 92.10%) were the result of accidents and were located on the trunk (47, 74.6%), head (43, 68%), arms (41, 65%), hands (38, 60%), neck (34, 54%), and forearm (29, 46%). Participants had received physical and psychological rehabilitation for an average of 124.74 months (SD 63.67) from a multidisciplinary team. The majority of participants (33, 52.4%) reported functional and aesthetic after-effects and appraised their scar as visible (51, 81.0%). BDI results showed low levels or absence of depression (mean = 7.63, SD 8.72; scale 0 = no depression to 63 = serious depression); the RSE showed adequate levels of self-esteem (mean = 8.41, SD 4.74; scale 0-30, where higher scores indicate worst levels of self-esteem). Burn location did not affect depression (BDI: P = 0.26) or self-esteem (RSE: P = 0.21). However, depression and self-esteem were more significant in participants who were not able to work and/or go to school than in those who were (BDI: P = 0.04 and self-esteem RSE: P = 0.03). Contrary to the initial hypothesis, this population of teenage burn victims did not experience depression and low self-esteem compared with the normal population described in the literature, which may demonstrate the importance of multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs.

Avaliação do estado de saúde de adolescentes vítimas de queimadura em processo reabilitação por meio da Burn Specific Helth Scale – Revised (BSHS-R) / Assessment of health status of adolescents burn victims undergoing rehabilitation through the Burn Specific Helth Scale – Revised (BSHS-R)

Introdução: No adolescente, a queimadura pode impactar negativamente nas alterações fisiológicas e psíquicas próprias da idade, gerando repercussões físicas, emocionais e sociais que o afetarão ao longo da vida. Para mensurar as consequências da queimadura na vida do adolescente, há a necessidade da avaliação do estado de saúde. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o estado de saúde do adolescente vítima de queimadura em processo de reabilitação. Método: Foi realizado estudo transversal com 63 adolescentes vítimas de queimadura acompanhados pelo Ambulatório de Cirurgia Plástica e Queimaduras do Instituto Central do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Aplicados o Instrumento Sócio-demográfico e Clínico e a Burn Specific Health Scale – Revised (BSHS-R). Para a realização das análises, foi utilizada estatística descritiva e a ANOVA e avaliação de confiabilidade (Cronbach-). Resultados: A análise descritiva demonstrou que, na BSHS-R, os domínios mais afetados foram sensibilidade térmica, afeto/imagem corporal e regime terapêutico, não havendo diferença estatística entre eles. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos comprovam a confiabilidade do instrumento aplicado, possibilitando a avaliação do estado de saúde dos adolescentes durante o processo de reabilitação.

Introduction: In the adolescent burn may negatively impact on the physiological and psychological own age, generating physical, emotional and social factors that affect the lifelong. To evaluate consequences of burning on the life of adolescents is necessary the need for assessment of health status. Objective: This study aimed to assess the health status of adolescent burn victim in the process of rehabilitation. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 63 adolescent burn victims accompanied by the Clinic of Plastic Surgery and Burns of the Central Institute of Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo. Applied Instrument Sociodemographic and clinical and the Burn Specific Health Scale – Revised (BSHS-R). For the study we used descriptive statistics and ANOVA and reliability assessment (Cronbach-). Results: The descriptive analysis showed that the BSHS-R domains were more affected in thermal sensitivity, affection/body image and treatment with no statistical difference between them. Conclusion: The results confirm the reliability of the instrument applied allowing the evaluation of health status of adolescents during the rehabilitation process.

Family living through sickness and child?s hospitalization: qualitative study / A familia vivenciando a doenca e a hospitalizacao da crianca: estudo qualitativo

Problem: Brazilian family needs during the disease process and child?s hospitalization are not completed understood. Thus, it is difficulty to develop a family nursing care plan. Objectives: to understand the family experience during the disease process and the child?s hospitalization period and to identify what this experience causes to the family system. Method: it was performed a descriptive qualitative study. Family Systems theory was used as a theoretical framework. The sample was composed of seven families including five mothers, one father, one grandmother and seven inpatient children, who were three to six years old. Data were collected in an inpatient Pediatric Unit through an open semi-structured interview and therapeutic dramatic toys. Data were analyzed according to Analysis of content proposed by Bardin. Main results: the results obtained were clustered in six categories: the impact of disease in the family, needing provide care, experiencing the child?s hospitalization, the movement in the dynamic of family, needing provide help and support, and searching for homeostasis. The articulation of these categories made possible to built the category ?Protecting the son of the world and not the world of the son?. Conclusion: it was observed that families expected to protect their children against disease, pain, emotional suffering, invasive procedures, and hospitalization.

Problema: as necessidades das familias brasileiras, durante o processo de doenca e hospitalizacao da crianca, nao sao totalmente conhecidas dificultando o planejamento da assistencia de enfermagem centrada na familia. Objetivo: compreender a vivencia da familia no processo da doenca e hospitalizacao da crianca e identificar o que essa experiencia provoca no sistema familiar. Metodo: Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo descritivo. A teoria de Familia numa Perspectiva Sistemica foi utilizada como referencial teorico. A amostra foi composta por sete familias incluindo cinco maes, um pai, uma avo e sete criancas de tres a seis anos de idade hospitalizadas em uma Unidade Pediatrica. Os dados foram coletados por meio de uma sessao de brinquedo terapeutico dramatico e de uma entrevista semi-estruturada e submetidos a Analise de Conteudo segundo Bardin. Resultados: os resultados foram agrupados em seis categorias: o impacto da doenca na familia; necessitando prestar cuidado; vivenciando a hospitalizacao da crianca; o movimento na dinamica familiar; precisando de ajuda e de apoio e buscando a homeostase. A articulacao dessas categorias permitiu construir a categoria central ?Protegendo o filho do mundo e nao o mundo do filho?. Conclusao: evidenciou-se que a familia espera proteger a crianca da doenca, da dor, do sofrimento emocional, dos procedimentos invasivos e da hospitalizacao.

Adesão das mãe às condutas de enfermagem na dermatite irritativa de fraldas: estudo exploratório / Mothers adhesion to nursing plan for irritant diaper dermatitis: an exploratory study

This exploratory, descriptive, transversal, study, which takes a quantitative approach, was carried out at a Family Health Unit in the municipal district of Francisco Morato, with the following objectives: to determine the knowledge, care actions and adhesion of mothers to nursing conducts to deal with irritant diaper dermatitis in their children; to identify the facilities and difficulties reported by the mother when carrying out the prescribed nursing conducts. The study population consisted of 29 mothers, and 29 children with irritant diaper dermatitis. The adhesion was classified as total, partial or non-existent. The results show that the majority of the mothers (58.8%) had no knowledge of irritant diaper dermatitis. As for the care actions to deal with their children's dermatitis, 93.1% of the mothers opted to use disposable diapers and 58.7% used a moist tissue when carrying out perineal hygiene, during diaper changes. In relation to the conditions of the child, the majority presented inadequate hygiene and hyperemia with skin peeling in the diaper region. It was determined that 65.6% of the mothers adhered to all the prescribed nursing conducts, 17.2% adhered only partially, and 17.2% did not adhere at all to the nursing conducts.

Estudo exploratório, descritivo, transversal, de campo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família do município de Francisco Morato, que teve como objetivos: verificar o conhecimento, as ações de cuidado e a adesão das mães às condutas de enfermagem na dermatite irritativa de fraldas do filho; identificar as facilidades e dificuldades referidas pela mãe na execução das condutas de enfermagem prescritas. A população foi constituída de 29 mães e 29 crianças com dermatite irritativa de fraldas. Os dados foram coletados durante a consulta de enfermagem e a visita domiciliária. A adesão foi classificada em total, parcial e não adesão. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria (58,8%) das mães não possui conhecimentos a respeito da dermatite irritativa de fraldas. Quanto às ações de cuidado com a dermatite do filho 93,1% das mães optavam pelo uso da fralda descartável e 58,7% usavam lenço umedecido na higiene do períneo durante a troca das fraldas. Em relação às condições da criança, a maioria apresentava higiene inadequada e hiperemia com descamação na região das fraldas. Verificou-se que 65,6% das mães aderiram a todas as condutas de enfermagem prescritas, 17,2% apresentaram uma adesão parcial e que a não adesão foi de 17,2%.

[Teaching scientific investigation methods at a private university]. / 0 ensino dos métodos de investigação científica numa universidade particular.

The purpose of this descriptive, exploratory study was to analyze, with focus on the referential of the communicative action paradigm, what were listed as ease and difficulties by fifteen students of specialization courses in Nursing concerning the teaching process of the discipline of Scientific Investigation Methods. The categories expressed as ease and difficulties regarding the discipline's content, the elaboration of the research project and its development were analyzed in accordance with the standardized types of communicative action. After the analysis there could be noticed an emergence of elements at different development levels interpreted in a sequence of communication forms that show no commitment with innovation or change of the teaching process, demonstrating the disturbances of the consensus in this process.

O ensino dos métodos de investigação científica numa universidade particular / Teaching scientific investigation methods at a private university

Este estudo descritivo e exploratório teve como objetivo analisar as facilidades e dificuldades referidas por quinze alunos de cursos de especialização em enfermagem, em relação ao processo de ensino da disciplina Métodos de Investigação Cientifica, focalizado no referencial do paradigma do agir comunicativo. As categorias expressas, como facilidades e dificuldades, em relação ao conteúdo da disciplina, elaboração do projeto de pesquisa e seu desenvolvimento, foram analisadas segundo os tipos padronizados de ação comunicativa. Após a análise, pode-se perceber a emersão de elementos em diferentes níveis de desenvolvimento e interpretados numa seqüência de formas de comunicação, destacando-se por não permitir vislumbrar um compromisso com a inovação ou mudança do processo de ensino, demonstrando as perturbações do consenso neste processo.

The purpose of this descriptive, exploratory study was to analyze, with focus on the referential of the communicative action paradigm, what were listed as ease and difficulties by fifteen students of specialization courses in Nursing concerning the teaching process of the discipline of Scientific Investigation Methods. The categories expressed as ease and difficulties regarding the discipline's content, the elaboration of the research project and its development were analyzed in accordance with the standardized types of communicative action. After the analysis there could be noticed an emergence of elements at different development levels interpreted in a sequence of communication forms that show no commitment with innovation or change of the teaching process, demonstrating the disturbances of the consensus in this process.

Este estudio descriptivo y exploratorio, tuvo como objetivo analizar las facilidades y dificultades referidas por quince alumnos de cursos de especialización en enfermería, en relación al proceso de enseñanza de la asignatura Métodos de Investigación Científica, enfocado en la referencia del paradigma del actuar comunicativo. Las categorías expresas como facilidades y dificultades en relación al contenido de la asignatura, elaboración del proyecto de investigación y su desarrollo, fueron analizadas según los tipos estandarizados de acción comunicativa. Tras el análisis se puede percibir la emersión de elementos en diferentes niveles de desarrollo e interpretados en una secuencia de formas de comunicación, destacándose por no permitir vislumbrar un compromiso con la innovación o mudanza del proceso de enseñanza, demostrando las perturbaciones del consenso en este proceso.

Perfil do crescimento e desenvolvimento de crianças entre 12 e 36 meses de idade que freqüentam uma creche municipal da cidade de Guarulhos / Profile of the growth and development of 12-and 36-month-old infants attending a municipal day care in the city of Guarulhos

Este trabalho, um estudo exploratório-descritivo e de campo, teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento e o desenvolvimento de crianças que freqüentam uma creche municipal da cidade de Guarulhos. A população foiconstituída de 44 crianças entre 12 e 36 meses de idade. A avaliação do crescimento foi realizada por meio damensuração do peso e altura da criança. Para o desenvolvimento foi utilizado o Denver II. Os resultados permitiram concluir que houve comprometimento do peso e da estatura, evidenciado pelo escore Z, identificando crianças com risco de desnutrição e obesidade, com maior prevalência para o sexo feminino.Quanto ao desenvolvimento dessas crianças, o estudo mostrou que a maioria não apresentou defasagens,porém foram identificadas crianças com suspeita de atraso nas áreas da linguagem e motora grossa.

This study presents a descriptive-exploratory and field study, having as objective to evaluate the growth anddevelopment of infants attending a municipal day care in the city of Guarulhos. The population included 44children between ages of 12 and 36 months. The growth evaluation was performed taking into consideration thechild’s weight and height measurements. The development assessment was performed using the Denver II. Theresults allowed us to conclude that the child's weight and height were compromised as demonstrated by Zscores. Children with malnutrition and obesity risks were identified, with females prevailing in larger number. Inrelation to the children’s development, the study showed that most of them did not present abnormalities. However, children with suspected delays in speech and motor skills were identified.

Se trata de una investigación del tipo exploratorio, descriptivo y de campo que tuvo como objetivo evaluar el crecimiento y el desarrollo de niños que frecuentan una guardería municipal de la ciudad de Guarulhos. La población fue constituida de 44 niños entre 12 y 36 meses de edad. La evaluación del crecimiento fue realizada a través de la medida del peso y altura del niño. Para el desarrollo fue utilizado el Denver II. Los resultados permitieron concluir que hubo alteración en el peso y en la estatura evidenciada por el escore Z, identificando niños con riesgo de desnutrición y de obesidad, con mayor predominio para el sexo femenino. Cuanto al desarrollo el estudio mostró que la mayoría no presentó desfases, sin embargo fueron identificados niños consospecha de retraso en las áreas del lenguaje y motora gruesa.

Avaliação do crescimento e desenvolvimento de lactentes portadores de cardiopatias congênitas: um estudo descritivo / Infant´s growth and development assessment in the presence of congenital cardiopathies: a descriptive study

First considerations: in spite of technological progresse in diagnosis, treatment and surgical techniques, which allowed today a larger survival and better life for children bearer of congenital cardiopatias, the growth and development deficits continues being one of the most common problems in those children. Objective: to assess the growth and development of children in the presence of congenital cardiopathie. Methods: this is an exploratory, descriptive, and study using a quantitative approach. The sample was comprised of 14 children between the ages of three and twenty-four months with congenital cardiopathies. For the growth assessment, the Z score of weight-for-age and height-for-age were determined. For the developmental assessment, the Denver II was used. Results: the children presented a height and weight deficit of 42.85%, evidence by the Z score of weight-for-age and height-for-age less than or equal to -2. The congenital cardiopathies that most affected growth were interventricular communication and tetralogy of Fallot. As for development of these children, the study detected a suspected developmental delay in the personal-social (14,29%), language (14,29%) and motor (64,29%) areas. Conclusions: the results point up the importance of monitoring the growth and development of children with congenital cardiopathies by healthcare professionals, with the aim of minimizing the effects of these pathologies on nutritional states, a risk factor for worsening the health of these children. Parents must be advised about the importance of meeting these children?s needs and establishing measures to reduce the negative impacts of cardiopathies on their children?s growth and development.

Considerações iniciais: Apesar dos avanços tecnológicos no diagnóstico, tratamento e técnicas cirúrgicas, que permitem hoje, maior sobrevivência das crianças portadoras de cardiopatias congênitas e melhor qualidade de vida, déficits no crescimento e desenvolvimento continuam sendo um dos problemas mais comuns nessas crianças. Objetivo: Avaliar o crescimento e o desenvolvimento de lactentes portadores de cardiopatia congênita. Métodos: estudo descritivo, transversal e de campo com abordagem quantitativa. A mostra foi composta de 14 crianças, entre três e vinte e quatro meses de idade, portadoras de cardiopatias congênitas. Na avaliação do crescimento foi determinada a pontuação escore Z do peso para a idade e da estatura para a idade. Para a avaliação do desenvolvimento foi utilizado o Denver II. Resultados: Houve comprometimento da altura e do peso em 42,85% das crianças, evidenciado pela pontuação do escore Z do peso para a idade e da estatura para a idade igual ou inferior a –2. As cardiopatias congênitas que mais repercutiram no crescimento foram a comunicação interventricular e tetralogia de Fallot. Quanto ao desenvolvimento dessas crianças o estudo detectou a incidência de suspeita de atraso relacionada com a área pessoal-social (14,29%), linguagem (14,29%) e motora (64,29%). Conclusões: Os resultados apontam a importância da monitorizarão do crescimento e desenvolvimento de crianças portadoras de cardiopatias congênitas por parte dos profissionais de saúde, visando minimizar os efeitos destas patologias sobre o estado nutricional, fator de risco para a o agravamento da saúde. Os pais necessitam ser orientados sobre o atendimento das necessidades destas crianças e estabelecer medidas redutoras dos agravos das cardiopatias sobre o crescimento e desenvolvimento dos seus filhos.

Consideraciones iniciales: A pesar de los avances tecnológicos en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y técnicas quirúrgicas, que permiten hoy, mayor supervivencia de los niños portadores de cardiopatías congénitas y mejor calidad de vida, déficits en el crecimiento y desarrollo siguen siendo uno de los problemas más comunes en eses niños. Objetivo: Evaluar el crecimiento y el desarrollo de [lactentes] portadores de cardiopatía congénita. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal y de campo con abordaje cuantitativa. La muestra fue compuesta de 14 niños, entre tres y veinticuatro meses de edad, portadoras de cardiopatías congénitas. En la evaluación del crecimiento fue determinada la puntuación “score” Z del peso para la edad y de la estatura para la edad. Para la evaluación del desarrollo fue utilizado el Denver II. Resultados: Hubo comprometimiento de la altura y del peso en 42,85% de los niños, evidenciado por la puntuación del “score” Z del peso para la edad y de la estatura para la edad igual o inferior al –2. Las cardiopatías congénitas que más repercutieron en el crecimiento fueron la comunicación interventricular y tetralogía de Fallot. Cuánto al desarrollo de estos niños el estudio detectó la incidencia de sospecha de retraso relacionada con el área personal-social (14,29%), lenguaje (14,29%) y motora (64,29%). Conclusiones: Los resultados apuntan la importancia de monitorizar el crecimiento y desarrollo de niños portadores de cardiopatías congénitas por parte de los profesionales de salud, visando minimizar los efectos de estas patologías sobre el estado nutricional, factor de riesgo para a el agravamiento de la salud. Los padres necesitan ser orientados sobre la atención de las necesidades de estos niños y establecer medidas reductoras de los agravios de las cardiopatías sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo de sus hijos.